The use of beauty in Disney movies free essay sample

Growing up these days most kids in the US are raised observing generally Walt Disney motion pictures. The Millennial age was raised with the Disney renaissance film time, and the fresher Generation Z is additionally being raised with the great Disney films and the more up to date films like Tangled and The Princess and the Frog. As children grow up, they start to relate a large number of the narratives and characters that they were so attached to regular things, regardless of whether it is their toys or Halloween ensembles. Alongside this is an away from one-sided see in the interest of the Disney enterprise that the majority of the characters that are truly alluring or speaking to take a gander at will be the â€Å"good guys†, while the less appealing characters are ordinarily the â€Å"bad guys†. With this impact over kids, it has prompted more prominent generalizing, self-perception issues, an ageism banter, and made avarice to need to have Disney related memorabilia. We will compose a custom article test on The utilization of excellence in Disney films or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These enlivened kids/family based movies have caused more contention than any other time in recent memory anticipated. In most of the Disney films with the fundamental special cases of The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Beauty and the Beast, there is a reasonable and unequivocal distinction among great and abhorrence inside the characters essentially by their appearances. In 2010, the University of North Carolina and Appalachian State University did an examination breaking down twenty-one Disney films made since 1938, and requested that the members rate 163 characters on a size of one to ten regarding â€Å"goodness†. They were asked to likewise score them on their engaging quality, insight, forcefulness, sentimental inclusion, and their life result otherwise known as their â€Å"happily ever after† (Leach). In pretty much every film, the â€Å"good† characters were the more alluring, increasingly astute and less forceful. A portion of the characters that exemplified these beliefs were Cinderella, Prince Charming, Princess Aurora, and the Blue Fairy from Pinocchio. This examination showed up in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology presumed that, â€Å"as appraisals of excellence expanded, so did evaluations of cordiality, goodness, insight, positivity of the character’s result, and sentimental involvement†. (Filter) Using this examination as reference, specialists at that point set out to decide how much the possibility of magnificence is acceptable and terrible is awful, is dependent on a particular film. Forty-two kids between the ages of six to twelve were placed in an alternate report and had them observe either Cinderella or The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Those two movies have the two characters that are delightful and well-intentioned, and furthermore a flighty legend that is less alluring to the eye. From that scientists at that point demonstrated the kids picture taker of other kids and were solicited what they thought from that individual from their looks, and whether they would need to ever to companions with them (Jacobs). Doris Bazzini, Lisa Curtin, Serena Joslin, Shilpa Regan and Denise Martz were the individuals behind this broad task. Bazzini and her associates had the option to reason that it didn’t matter which film the youngster watched, their answers were all entirely predictable to one another. The scientists had the option to pull that the kids all wanted to become a close acquaintence with or converse with an alluring companion, evaluated them as being progressively attractive to be companions with, less inclined to get into any type of difficulty, and were viewed similar to the better individual contrasted with an ugly friend. These contemplations were applied on human characters as well as creature ones also. (Jacobs) Bazzini expressed in light of this undertaking, â€Å"It may appear to be encouraging to numerous guardians that a solitary film seeing didn't prompt more noteworthy utilization of the excellence is acceptable generalization. In any case, this might be because of the way that the generalization [has] conflicting delineations of the low-magnificence predisposition film are basically not intense enough to disentangle a consistently creating inclination to pass judgment on engaging quality decidedly, particularly when such generalizations include females†. The analysts at that point chose to propose to guardians that these motion pictures ought to be utilized in supporting the guardians as they show them important life exercises in their young age as opposed to simply letting them watch those films with no discourse about what they just viewed. (Bazzini) Despite the fact that these movies are activity and not live activity, they have made these pictures of the human body which have prompted individuals endeavoring to look like individuals who don't exist, all things considered. The Disney characters are attracted to look and correspond with their jobs inside the film; this has prompted the Disney Princess Effect. The Walt Disney film organization has rendered the female leads of their energized movies as prime examples of the ideal female figure. (Travali) This sexual orientation/picture development in Disney films is so significant in view of the messages to sends to the fundamental crowd: youngsters. The messages that these characters provide for youngsters are acceptable behavior, look, and associate with others. While this can be acceptable, the looks part can prompt exclusive standards and lower real factors. (May) The Disney illustrators have made the courageous women to be flawless in their build. Pretty much every Disney courageous woman has an ideal waistline, a consummately proportioned face, skin tight or in any event, uncovering apparel, and those attractive bends that make them needed by the male characters, or their Prince Charming. These pictures have become a prime factor in high school dietary problems and despondency on the grounds that simply like Barbie dolls, these ridiculous immaculate bodies can't be really accomplished, all things considered. (Travali) young ladies feel such weight from the media to look like immaculate Barbie dolls, and with the media Disney is an enormous part since the female champions all have these ideal bodies. As per the South Carolina Department of Mental Health, anorexia is the third most normal constant disease among young ladies between the ages of 12 to 25. What's more, significantly more troubled is that the death rate related with anorexia is multiple times higher than the normal demise rate for little youngsters for all reasons for death. (Developing) young ladies purchase outfits to seem as though their preferred Disney characters, regardless of whether it is for Halloween or to wear for entertainment only, and they endeavor to look simply like them. Indeed, even little youngsters want to resemble the legends or Prince Charming, being truly fit and attractive. (Travali) These self-perception issues start at a youthful age on account of the Disney establishment. A dominant part of youngsters with self-perception issues start youthful with their introduction to Disney princesses and their ideal bodies, at that point after some time as they see more media and media starts to form their standards for the ideal body. (B. P) This has adversely affected the fearlessness of today’s youth. Experiencing childhood with Disney films has made a generalization of alluring goals that most youth have generally expected from society and it regularly brings down their own certainty when they can't resemble the vivified characters or can't discover their â€Å"Prince Charming’s†. (B. P) The Disney Princess establishment has shaped numerous adolescent consistently and never got analysis about ethnic assorted variety up to this point. Furthermore, even since The Princess and the Frog was discharged in 2009, there is still analysis about the absence of decent variety or from the opposite finish of the range, the inclination that an African American princess is definitely not a genuine Disney Princess. (May) Tiana is very different from different princesses as she is increasingly autonomous and has future occupation orientated objectives, obviously has the Disney wish for an ideal man. Tiana was the primary new princess since the Disney renaissance of the 90s and the first since Mulan was discharged in 1998. Disney has attempted to make Disney princesses that would connect with a more prominent racial crowd. Making princesses like Mulan, Pocahontas, and Tiana, has demonstrated how the Disney Corporation has stretched out to fill ethnic decent variety. (May) But the Disney establishment is never sheltered from analysis, they have gotten out for making the ethnic differing characters convey an excessive number of the cliché highlights that are related with their races. From Dumbo’s crows to the ear slicing brutes in Aladdin to the savages in Pocahontas, Disney joined racial generalizing into their characters. (Bartyzel) Another reason for contention inside the Disney Princess establishment has been changing old characters into more current, hotter ones. Figure’s One and Two show the progressions that the enterprise has executed. Figure One shows the progressions made to characters Mulan and Pocahontas, and Figure Two shows the most disputable change with Merida from the film Brave. Merida from the film Brave was a character explicitly intended to challenge the Disney princess generalization, yet as opposed to staying with this suffered legend and her creation the film the eighth top earning film of 2012, Disney chose to give her the â€Å"princess makeover† and formally coronate her into a Disney Princess. The red hot, defiant Scottish young lady that crowds experienced passionate feelings for was abandoned her wild hair and traditionalist dress into a scarcely unmistakable character. Her hair was restrained, her bosoms extended, a littler abdomen, and a more structure fitting and uncovering dress was a piece of her turning into an affirmed Disney princess (Bartyzel). Also, from this change, Disney at that point chose to give all the princesses another hotter makeover. In Figure One there is the first Mulan in the inside top casing, and on either side of her is the new form. She has gone from a youthful Chinese lady to a young lady with standard highlights, the main Asian perspectives are that her skin is pale and the artists gave her Asian eyes. Pocahontas got lighter skin, a lengthened fa

Reward Based Learning on Depression-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the Impact of remuneration put together learning with respect to melancholy. Answer: Presentation Anhedonia is the loss of enthusiasm for remuneration and joy during wretchedness and has been found to associate with useless prize reactions across numerous social errands (4). Such undertakings measure various parts of anhedonia including, the expectation and receipt of money related prizes, the push to accomplish rewards and prize learning Anhedonia is one of the significant types of the significant burdensome issue. It is a type of turmoil where the patients lose their enthusiasm for the recently compensated or the exercises that were delighted in by them (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). The people who are experiencing the clinical type of gloom frequently observed to lose enthusiasm for their leisure activities, work, peer gatherings, family, food and even sex (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). The confusion closes the delight circuits of the cerebrum. A few specialists watch this marvel as the decadent capacity for the aggregate sum of the delight that is feasible for picking up from the single action (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). Be that as it may, misery appears to lessen the decadent limit of the person. The infection of Anhedonia alludes to the decreased type of the capacity that can be knowledgeable about case to look for joy (Ianni et al., 2016). It has a successful type of spot in the few types of characteristics of psychopathology since it has been portrayed first by the earlier century and still they can be highlight of the few kinds of the mental issue that can lead o the maladaptive type of practices (Votinov et al., 2025). Anhedonia has been a piece of the most extensity examined type of the significant gloom. Be that as it may, it likewise adds to one of the negative type of the side effects for schizophrenia and different examinations have watched Anhedonia as a type of the psychosis (McGorry, 2014). In any case, this psychological issue has been concentrated in the huge scope of the nuerophychiatric issue that incorporates the Parkinsons illness, Bulimia Nervosa, Substance use issue and the different types of the practices that are hazardous (Ianni et al., 2016). By the by, Anhedonia is considered to the principle highlight of the significant burdensome issue as presented by the fourth release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders that requires either the discouraged type of the temperament or the Anhedonia to be available to propose the present finding (Votinov et al., 2025).. Also, it has been utilized for the absence of the reactivity and Anhedoia is the significant measures for determination for the DSM IV melancholic type of the subtype of the significant burdensome and its quality have demonstrated to be the prescient type of the reaction that are increased through the antidepressants (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Nonattendance in the particularity of the conclusion can be viewed as the restricting type of the factor that has been executed for characterizing Anhedonia as the vital element of the significant burdensome issue. The significant advancement of the idea of endophenotype can be useful for overwhelming the cutoff points dependent on the three ideas (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). The patients who are experiencing any mental issue can be unexpected more in the quantitative ascribe in comparison to the subjective trait from the sound people. In addition, the scatters that are distinguished can be all the more broadly comprehended if there are any type of the hazard factors that are identified with the qualities and the condition that can be identified with the clutters that are gotten through the moderate type of phenotypes (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Finally, endophenotypes are commonly vague and they depend on the irregular neurobiological systems that are shared by the different issue that are mental. The endophenotypes that are associated with the more straightforward type of the neurobiological and the neuropsychological types of the infections that could assist with finding the connection between the potential type of the connection with the potential type of the potential dangers that are all the more legitimately identified with the significant type of the downturn (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). There are various types of the characteristics that are required for the characteristics for utilizing the quality for the endophnotype, that incorporates the affectability and explicitness, heritability, nearness in unaffected family members, state-freedom, natural believability, sound psychometric properties, and achievability. Anhedonia is the loss of enthusiasm for remuneration and delight during sorrow and has been found to correspond with broken prize reactions across numerous conduct errands. Such assignments measure various parts of anhedonia including, the expectation and receipt of fiscal prizes, the push to accomplish rewards and prize learning. In any case, the downturn may not be closed down from the delight circuits completely (Luking Barch, 2013). The elective type of the hypothesis additionally recommends that anhedonia doesn't originate from the diminished type of the ability to encounter delight, rather they emerges from the insecurity for continuing the nice sentiments over a more extended period (Luking Barch, 2013). At the end of the day, it very well may be said that the patients by one way or another can't encounter joy completely and by encountering delight, halfway it gets difficult to support the intrigue and the contribution of the few beneficial things throughout everyday life (Luking Barch, 2013). In the event of the pathways to the joy, the geographic formats of the mind are extremely unpredictable (Pellissier et al., 2017). The regions that are related with the prize and the inspiration incorporate the expansion of the core accumbens and the prefrontal cortex (Pellissier et al., 2017). It is obvious that the nerve drive goes to both the headings for keeping up the prizes and the inspiration (Pellissier et al., 2017). This wonder is the inclination acceptable signs that movements to the upper degree of the prefrontal cortex, yet the nerve filaments likewise imparts their signs from the prefrontal and furthermore imparts the sign downwards to the core accumbens (Haber Behrens, 2014). A portion of the confirmations propose that the signs of the ordinary mind makes a trip downwards to the prefrontal cortex and to the core sharpness that may continue the enthusiasm of the in an entirely pleasurable action (Haber Behrens, 2014). In any case, if this marvel can be summed up that it tends to be set up from the way that the mind that is discouraged can be experiencing difficulty in utilization o the PFC and to continue the NA movement over some undefined time frame (Haber Behrens, 2014). Nonetheless, in todays world, Aaron Heller and his associates at the University of the Wisconsin and the University of the Reading have distributed their work that have their attention on the above wonder (Ianni et al., 2 016). They have announced in their diary Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesabout the new scope of the useful attractive reverberation investigations of the enactment examples of the cerebrum of the discouraged and the non-discouraged patients (Votinov et al., 2025). The individuals who took a gander at the charming and the terrible structure of the neural pictures over a time of thirty seven minutes, be that as it may, the volunteers were not under any condition detached (Votinov et al., 2025). They were made to have the cognizant type of the endeavors that can be viable in the improvement of the state of mind of the image that is created and that whether they are cheerful dismal or particularly impassive. The investigation features some central point of understanding (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Right off the bat, if there should arise an occurrence of the pictures that are certain, can't be continued from the ordinary cerebrum regardless of how much the individual attempt (Ianni et al., 2016). Also, there is supportability of the movement in the neural acumens and there were related with the diminished type of the action in the prefrontal cortex (McGorry, 2014). Those individuals who were discouraged couldn't support the neural exercises that are accounted for the more negative type of the reactions that are enthusiastic towards the perception of the pleasurable pictures (McGorry, 2014). Thirdly, a significant type of trouble was seen on account of the continuing the action of the neural discernment were successfully connected with the decreased type of the movement of the prefrontal cortex. Fourthly, the patients who were experiencing sadness who are seen to continue the neural keenness are accounted for to have a more elevated level of the positive feelings in their regul ar day to day existence (Votinov et al., 2025). In conclusion, it has been seen that the shortfall in the NA action have their particular relationship with the positive type of the feeling. Foundation The significant types of the burdensome issue are the new type of the determinant that are presented with the handicap that have ascended to the overall setting (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). It has been seen that in the pervasiveness of the disposition issue is almost about 20% in the United States (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The psychological issue named as despondency are frequently connected with the debilitated type of the prizes and the handling of the feelings. The experimental type of the confirmations underpins recommends that there are a distorted working of the prize circuit of the mind that are determined for the dopaminergic contributions from the ventral type of the striatum (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The dopaminergic contribution of the ventral striatum speaks to the expectation of the prizes blunders that are the contrast between the accomplished and the anticipated type of the prize (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The prizes prescient mistakes give the components to changing the neurotransmitters in a specific way that can be steady with the support type of the learning of the calculations. Notwithstanding, when there is a result that surpasses the desires for the worth that is normal that are related with the choice that are picked for the that are expanded that can be again picked (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The marvels can take pl

Proactive and Retroactive Interference Explained

Proactive and Retroactive Interference Explained The human mind is like a book with an infinite amount of pages and more and more pages are added every single day because we are constantly bombarded with information left and right.What we retain from this information is actually the memory we hold in our mind.In order for us to even remember certain information we first need to come into contact with it, in other words we need to learn it and given the fact that, as I said, we collect new information every day what happens with the old memory of the things we already learned, and vice versa, is a question we today will try to answer.We see that there is some kind of interference going on in our brain when we want to recall old memory because of the things we recently learned or on the other hand the things we learned recently could be mixed up with the things we knew before that.And this is a common occurrence because we cant help but try to use all of our information stored in our brain in order to give an answer to the tasks, str uggles, and obligations of our day-to-day life.The idea is that this interference occurs because our long-term and short-term memories interfere with and disrupt each other meaning we forget things because both of those memories are used when we try to recall certain information.There are two types of interference:Proactive interference old memories disrupt new ones.Retroactive interference â€" new memories disrupt old ones.PROACTIVE INTERFERENCEAs I said, proactive interference occurs when the memories we already know restrain our capacity to recall the information we only recently learned which leads to us not being able to remember and understand that information.And this is so common that everyone has had an experience with proactive interference especially when we are trying to comprehend similar subjects such as learning a new language or trying to remember two lists of groceries to buy.Also, there is a connection between forgetting working memories and proactive interference because we couldnt forget our working memory if it wasnt for proactive interference meaning that we would easily be able to distinguish between old and new memory without any interference.But we know that this isn’t the case because our working memory serves one purpose and that is a quick and immediate conceptual and linguistic processing.It’s just short-term memory we use right then and there without much thinking because if we were to think of it too much we wouldn’t be as effective when using it.So our brain does a fairly great job in filtering the information we don’t need, using the information we need right now, and storing information that we will need later.Where does that leave proactive interference you may ask?As it turns out we cant remember exactly when we learned old and new information, for example, you learned some things at school which you use every day like calculating, reading, writing and so on, but you cant remember the exact day, hour and minute youv e learned those things.If you can, congratulations, you have an awesome memory.For most of us, that isnt relevant information we need to know in order to use the information we learned at school and we just look at the memories in our brain as a whole instead of time-specific data.In other words, our brain doesn’t care if it is old or new memory we need to use, it is using both memories in order to solve a specific problem.This means that proactive interference is sometimes unavoidable.EXAMPLES OF PROACTIVE INTERFERENCEI’m going to list some of the most common examples of this occurrence I’m sure all of us will recognize and in one point or another in our lives have experienced:Every New Year, after the first of January most people catch themselves to write the previous year when writing dates. This is particularly common with students when they come back from winter holidays and they start to write a new lesson or even while taking a test.This second example is specifically m eant for women who once they get married and change their last name sometimes tend to say their previous last name without thinking about it.  When you start learning a new language, for example, Italian, but you’ve learned Spanish before that, what you may experience is that you could end up mixing the vocabulary or grammar of the two languages simply because you’re already used to how the first language is spoken.Also, a common example is when we get a new phone number and then when someone asks us for the number we may fall into the trap of giving them our old one because we are just getting used to the new phone number.The last example I want to make is when we read a book we already read before and then all of a sudden it feels as we are reading a completely different book because we either didn’t remember the whole story or the things we do remember about it just vaguely slip our mind so now it seems as we are filling the gaps of the version we created in our minds when we first read the book.There are a number of specific examples we could add but these are some of the more common ones which I’m sure you will pay attention to from now one once you’ve learned about them.RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCEIn contrast to proactive interference, retroactive interference is the occurrence when new information gets in the way of our old memories meaning we get a disrupted image of the things we already know by learning or implementing new things.As in proactive interference, this is also a very common situation to be in and a lot of things depend on its occurrence, for example if you are perhaps a martial artist trying to learn new moves, you will find it hard to recall the old physical moves because the new moves you’ve learned are much fresher in memory and were more recently practiced.To get back to the point I made when talking about proactive interference, in retroactive interference, there seems to be an issue of unlearning the things youve known befor e by overwriting them with new information.This could be a huge problem considering the fact that if you rewrite old memory using new memory, there is no guarantee that this new memory will be more useful or even will you be able to recall to it better in the future.What I’m trying to say is that if we dont catch ourselves not being able to recall our old memory which is disrupted by new information, we could fall into the trap of doing a disfavor to our brain by in some way suppressing old information and exchanging it with a new one.I could imagine this being a good thing when for example you hated math and everything you know about math seems to you like torture but suddenly you’ve learned something from your friend who is a mathematician or you’ve watched an informative video about math so now you realize that math isn’t that bad just that what you’ve learned now is more effective and useful than what you’ve learned from learning it for 8 years in school.I mean the s ame goes for any other subject you’ve hated in school, so in reality, retroactive interference is a double-edged sword depending on how you view it.EXAMPLES OF RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCEJust as with proactive interference, the retroactive interference we experience from time-to-time is a common circumstance so lets list a few more frequent examples:One of the most common examples of retroactive interference is when a student remembers better what he learned at the end of the school year in comparison to the beginning of the school year.Another common example is when you start learning a new language, for instance, German, and let us say youve learned French before that, now when you try to speak French, the new words youve learned in German will start to pop-up interfering with your knowledge of French.When you learn new dance moves and later try to dance like you used to before, you may experience that you’re unable to do so because the new dance moves you’ve learned now someho w seem to be in the way of the old ones so you mix them up.Just as in the example for proactive interference, when you get a new phone number, you might not be able to remember your old one because you’re not using it anymore and you don’t have any use of knowing it.As you see these situations have surely happened to you once or twice and maybe not at all but it’s important to know which situations can trigger retroactive interference so you can try to avoid making mistakes in the future.SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PROACTIVE AND RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCEAlthough they cause the opposite effect of one another, both proactive and retroactive interferences do have some similarities which can be observed in their common occurrence.They are both based on the Interference theory, which suggests that the interference must result in either one way or the other.They rely on context in order for the interference to actually occur meaning they can both be triggered by the same situation, for inst ance when learning a new language or getting a new phone number as we mentioned before.The competition and association of old and new memories are what causes the disruption of memory in both of these interferences.These similarities mean that they have the same root just not the same consequence and it all depends on the situation that we’re in and also on our perception in that given moment.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROACTIVE AND RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCEWeve explained the main difference between these two interferences in terms that the first one disrupts new memories with old ones and the other disrupts old memories with new ones, but now we should explain how exactly do both interferences affect our mind and memory.Competition and unlearning â€" The competition between old and new memories is what causes both interferences but in the case of retroactive interference the process of unlearning is also an important occurrence.Forgetting â€" In terms of proactive interference, not being able to retain new information and quickly forgetting our working memory sounds bad and it is, while for instance when we talk about retroactive interference it lets us forget the information we dont need at that given time and replaces it with new information.Rest time â€" It is strange how rest time doesn’t seem to have any effect on proactive interference but in the case of retroactive interference it does have a significant impact on a person’s ability to block it out.We see that these differences have a great impact on the overall consequences of the interferences and do shed some light on why in some situations there is no rule whether we will experience one or the other interference.THE WEAKNESS OF THE INTERFERENCE THEORYEven though we explained what proactive and retroactive interference is, there are some shortcomings which should be examined in order for us to understand whether this is a common phenomenon related to all the information we receive or is there more to it.What the critics of the Interference theory have to say is that its main weakness comes from the lack of evidence that this interference could occur in all the information we retain and that just the information in a similar format causes the interference.This means that the interference is more likely to occur in situations when the old memory and the new memory compete with each other based on a related subject.To make a perfect example of these claims I will use the examples I already gave for both the proactive and retroactive interference and that is learning a new language which either disrupts the language they already learned or the previous language disrupts the use of this new one.We clearly see that both interferences can occur in the same situation and that is learning a new language, but this is only if we learned a language before that and for instance our native language would not be disrupted in one way or another mainly because we already use it constantly and do n’t have to recall it at all.The same goes for the other examples I’ve given and this is quite strong evidence which backs up the skeptics of the theory, but there are also plenty of psychologists who suggest that the theory is still true.THE STRENGTH OF THE INTERFERENCE THEORYNow that we’ve heard what the critics have to say, we should focus on the part of the theory which does have some chance of being true and is essentially based on the arguments which the critics use to abolish the theory.The argument is that the interference occurs in situations with a similar format and by that the overall occurrence of the interference is confirmed and even agreed upon by both skeptics and non-skeptics of the theory.The second argument for the theory is that it is such a common occurrence in every-day life that there is a great number of examples and even tests which have been carried out on the side of proving the plausibility of the theory.Whether you believe the weaknesses or the st rengths of the theory, the reality is that both proactive and retroactive interferences are occurring when we don’t even think about it or not.Truth be told, this theory has been researched for a little less than some sixty years so there are more questions to be opened and answered on this topic but that doesn’t mean it’s a false theory just that it needs further research done.I’m sure that in the future there will be more psychologists interested in this field of psychology and these kinds of articles help to shed some light on such topics.ODOR MEMORYIt seems that there is one memory that the proactive and retroactive interference cant disrupt and that is odor memory.Believe it or not, our ability to memorize certain smells and fragrance is so powerful that we can without any problems recall if weve already smelled that scent before or not.Psychologists believe that we’ve developed this ability to memorize certain scents back when we were cavemen in order to detect dange r by knowing which plants are poisonous or not to know to eat them and also by knowing the scent of the pheromones of animals that are in our near presence.Also, our ability to smell is directly connected to our ability to taste food which means that we also cant mix-up similar tastes of food leading to a conclusion that there still are some weaknesses to the interference theory which should be further put to the test.It’s amazing how this ability survived the test of time and how it can now be applied to the study of interference theory but most importantly how it can help us to understand the memory of the human mind which as it shows is more based on experience than on abstract thoughts.All in all, this is an interesting point to make when talking about the interference theory, whether it serves as an argument for those who are opposed to it or not is a matter of psychological studies which should be kept in the laboratories for now. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THESE INTE RFERENCESThe main goal of understanding the cause of these interferences should be to know how to stop them from occurring or at least minimizing their effect because they can put you in awkward situations you don’t want to be in.Let’s take for example learning a new language and then not being able to use it properly because you’re bombarded with the grammar of the language you’ve learned previously.A quick fix to this problem is to try to recall both translations in your native language so that way you will select the translation you need.How do you think linguists and polyglots function?Because theyve mastered the languages they speak to such extent that they know a whole vocabulary of words and their brain is wired that way not to mix them up, so you can learn a thing or two from them and the things we talked about today in order to resolve this problem.Another point I want to make is that, although these interferences are a common occurrence they are not the cause of me mory loss just the process of forgetting the information you don’t need which isn’t that bad.Once you understand what they are and what causes them you will be one step ahead of knowing how to avoid the interferences from happening. FINAL WORDIn conclusion, I would like to summarize everything weve talked about today by saying that these interferences are normal and dont need to bother you too much if you experience them from time-to-time but also that by understanding them you will be more likely to spot if the interference is to come up.And although they can sometimes be embarrassing such as the situation when a woman mistakenly says her previous last name, they are a good mechanism for knowing how our brain works and reacts to similar content and to information we don’t even think about.There isnt really any evidence that these interferences are a sign of memory loss or some neurotic disorders rather that they are proof that your brain is working its best to use all the mem ory and knowledge it has.So if you think of it that way, if youre experiencing proactive and retroactive interference it means that youre using your brain to its full capacity, were not machines so a mix-up here and it is acceptable.

Macbeth and Frankenstein comparison - 1361 Words

MACBETH AND FRANKENSTEIN QUEST FOR POWER (MACBETH WANTS TO BE KING, VICTOR WANTS TO CREATE LIFE) -Both have great ambition, get carried away and do unethical things, resulting in the death of innocent people HALLUCINATIONS -Macbeth visions the dagger floating, and hears voices talking to him after he murders Duncan -Victor thinks he sees the creature, but he s not there SUPERNATURAL -Witches in Macbeth -The Creature in Frankenstein DISLOYALTY -Macbeth is disloyal to the previous king (Murders Duncan when he s visiting his home) Frankenstein is disloyal to the being that he created and abandoned it LACK OF APPRECIATION TOWARD HUMAN LIFE -Macbeth wilfully takes the lives of others to gain power -Victor Frankenstein creates†¦show more content†¦Macbeth and Frankenstein share similar quests and tragic flaws, but the treatment of their loved ones is very different. In regards to the quests of the monsters in each story, they are very similar in a number of different ways. In Shakespeare s tale, Macbeth s quest was that of power. He was bent on being king, so much so that he compromised everything to become the king. All of his ambition and efforts were directed at becoming king and staying king. To him, this required the murder of the previous king, King Duncan. Later on we see that he has even more innocent men, women, and children killed in hopes of sealing his position of power. For example, Banquo and McDuff s wife and children were murdered at Macbeth s orders because they directly or indirectly posed a threat to his throne. In Frankenstein s case, his quest is simply to have power over death. He successfully creates life from death, but fails to see the long-term consequences for his actions, resulting in much more death than life. In both cases, the characters were aiming for a goal that can easily lead to compromise and ruin, and that is the goal of power. It is in no way wrong to have a desire to become king or strive to discover a way to overcome sickness and disease, but when those desire s get out of control and there is simply too much ambition, then often the measures that are taken to achieve theseShow MoreRelatedMonsters and Men in a Array of Literature 727 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom the: Macbeth, Beowulf, and Frankenstein. All three writers published each for separate purposes. William Shakespeare Constructed Macbeth for the king and was hinting advice toward the king. In reflection, the epic poem of Beowulf is not similar to Frankenstein in anyway. However all of these pieces of literature have an allusion to monsters and men. In stating this monsters and men are not universal throughout the genres of tragedy, epic poem, and romanticism novel. The play of Macbeth was writtenRead MoreThe Monstrosity: a Common Trait in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Shelley’s Frankenstein2817 Words   |  12 PagesMonstrosity: A Common Trait in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Shelley’s Frankenstein Through time, the theme of the monstrosity has been a prominent subject in many novels and plays. In the play â€Å"Macbeth,† Macbeth illustrates monstrous traits though his ambition as he strives to become the king of Scotland. Victor in Shelley’s Frankenstein also displays monstrous behaviors by using science along with his ambition to create his prodigious mammoth. Moreover, Both Lady Macbeth and the three witches imply theirRead MoreThe Adaptation of Books and Short Stories Into Films2345 Words   |  9 Pagesto consider is the 1931 film Frankenstein, because it hails from the relative beginnings of the Hollywood film industry and represents one of the earliest examples of a book being used as the source for a film. 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How?† Bad Questions â€Å"What happens to Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird?† â€Å"What do the other characters in Julius Caesar think about Caesar?† â€Å"How does Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter remind me of my sister?† Step 2Read MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pagesmere plot summary. An American Tragedy Light in August Anna Karenina Long Day’s Journey into the Night Antigone Lord Jim Beloved Macbeth Crime and Punishment Medea Death of a Salesman Moby-Dick Ethan Frome Oedipus Rex Faust Phedre Fences Ragtime For Whom the Bell Tolls Sent for You Yesterday Frankenstein Tess of the D’Urbervilles Hedda Gabler Things Fall Apart King Lear 2003 (Form B): Novels and plays often depict characters caught betweenRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesthey are not always (see below). 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An Issue Of Genetically Modified Organisms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 408 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/26 Category Science Essay Level High school Topics: GMO Essay World Hunger Essay Did you like this example? Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are an exciting and valuable development for those who understand the increased efficiency they offer for food production. As population steadily rises, resources are dwindling. Currently there are 821 million people who are chronically malnourished and ninety-eight percent of them live in a developing country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Issue Of Genetically Modified Organisms" essay for you Create order To ensure food is available to everyone, local agricultural production in developing countries must increase. Relying exclusively on exported goods has led to this problem. While nearly thirteen percent of people remain undernourished even though the current output of the worldrs farms could supply over 11 billion people with 2,000 calories per day (Gerry). If provided genetically modified seeds, each family could grow their own food. GMOs could be helpful in stabilizing the hunger crisis in developing countries. Genetically modified crops could be engineered to grow in even the most arid of climates. A cost efficient reliable food source would allow families to spend money on other necessities like water, housing or healthcare. This boost in resources would not only help diminish world hunger, over time it would increase the economy and consumerism as well. The problem of world hunger will only increase. The human population is growing more rapidly than was initially thought. Recently the UN published their latest estimates which project the worldrs population to be 9.3 billion in 2050†400 million more than previously estimated (Herrera). Even the most propitious projections of population growth predict potential mass tragedy if we dont increase our crop yield and production. To prevent famine food production and distribution must change. The increased yield of GM crops offer could prevent the oncoming famine if implemented immediately. With the world already facing a high percentage of people going hungry, action must be taken now to ensure the malnourished population does not increase. For people living in privileged countries, GMOs are perceived as a dangerous new form of biotechnology. First world consumers see no immediate benefit from GMOs, whether it be lower prices or increased nutritional value. None of this is necessary for people who already have access to an abundance of nutritional food. The new technologyrs apparent lack of benefit leads consumers to believe it reckless and unnecessary. As the first world continues to fight the worldwide spread of GM crops, millions of people are dying of starvation. Although they are trying the protect consumers in developed countries, critics of GMOs are blocking a technology that could be of immense benefit for people in the Southern Hemisphere.

How Do Wechat Affect Consumer Purchasing Behaviour On...

1. Introduction Nowadays, social media and Internet became part of daily life. People spend more and more time going online. Many daily activities shifted to online, for example, online shopping, communicate with friends or relatives via social media or messaging app, share feelings and thoughts on social media platforms etc. In this paper, the aim is to investigate how do WeChat affect the consumer purchasing behaviour on beauty products in China. In 2013, China surpassed US to become the biggest e-commerce market in the world since 2013, (http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/16071/china-luxury-online-shoppers-2015/). Although the market growth rate is slower than before, the market size is forecasted to reach 1 trillion US dollar by 2018 or 2019. According to the report of CIW (2015) (http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/16071/china-luxury-online-shoppers-2015/), cosmetics is the best selling products in China’s e-commerce market. In the age group of 30 – 39 years old women, the best seller is also cosmetics and they are willing to spend more online. According to a report of Nielson (http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2013/under-the-influence-consumer-trust-in-advertising.html) 84% of consumers trust recommendations from friends, and rank these recommendations as the highest trustworthy information. From the findings in a study by Ogilvy, Google and TNS, 74% of consumers agreed that word of mouth from friends, key opinion leaders or online reviews by other consumers

American Pageant free essay sample

Explain why the Northeast became the first industrial center of the United States and why the South lagged in economic industrialization. 2. Explain why the United States was a full generation behind Britain and Europe in the industrialization of its economy. 3. In what specific ways did the American government contribute to and promote industrial growth and economic expansion in the early nineteenth century? 4. What was the impact of industry, urbanization, and the transportation revolution on American agriculture? . Summarize the impact of the industrial revolution on American labor, on the rich and the poor, and on families and home life. 6. Write your definition of revolution. Then use this definition to argue that the industrial revolution was or was not a revolutionary event. 7. Explain the part played by each of the following in the industrialization of the American economy: technology, immigration, investment, government aid, and internal improvements. 8. Rank the following in terms of their contribution to industrialization: cotton gin, principle of interchangeable parts, Erie Canal. We will write a custom essay sample on American Pageant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Justify your ranking. 9. Identify the single most significant development in (a) manufacturing technology, (b) transportation, (c) communications technology, and (d) business organization that encouraged industrialization in the United States. Explain your choice in each category. 10. List the five most important inventions of the early nineteenth century and rank them in order of importance. Justify your ranking. 11. How can it be argued that the Erie Canal was the single most important accomplishment contributing to economic expansion prior to the coming of the railroad?

The Twenties And Thirties Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Twenties And Thirties Essay, Research Paper The Twenties and Thirtiess The mid-twentiess and the mid-thirtiess were really unusual clip periods in American History. In some ways they are likewise, but in most ways they are really different. The mid-twentiess were a clip of merriment and partying. This is likely the ground it is called the Roaring Twenties. All of the mid-thirtiess were known as The Great Depression. It was likely called that because of the stock market prostration and the 1000000s of people without occupations. In the mid-twentiess, industry took a really large measure. The automotive industry was the largest industry there was. The assembly line made mass production possible, and the industry boomed. Henry Ford s assembly line, located in Detroit, Michigan, was the largest 1 in the state and perchance in the universe. When Ford foremost started doing autos, the lone auto he made was a black Model-T. Almost everybody in the United States had a auto. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twenties And Thirties Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Three-out-of-four households owned one or more autos. With the assembly line they made a batch more autos in one twenty-four hours than they did earlier. Alternatively of paying for the autos with hard currency, people could now utilize recognition to buy points. Since most households didn Ts have the money, they would purchase the auto with recognition and pay off the debt subsequently. The mid-thirtiess were a bad clip for the automotive industry. By now Ford had made a Model-A and had three new colourss: sunburn, purple and black. All of the companies were doing more autos than they could sell. Cipher had adequate money to purchase a auto because of all of the Bankss traveling under. Millions of people lost whole lucks. Since no 1 had the money for a auto, the autos were non being sold. This caused a large job. The traders were really optimistic. They continued to do autos trusting that gross revenues would travel up. The new recognition jurisprudence was a fantastic thought. It allowed people to buy points like a telecasting or wireless. The innovation of the wireless united the state. Everyone that had a wireless heard the intelligence that was heard on the wireless. It was the best signifier of amusement of its clip. Soon thenceforth, the telecasting was invented. Once once more people took advantage of the recognition and purchased telecastings. The telecasting still did non take topographic point of the wireless. The wireless was still used for listening to music. Many people were passing more money than they had. Even in the mid-thirtiess the wireless and telecasting were top signifiers of amusement. Although, some people did non hold these accoutrements, they could still travel the films if they had the money. In the mid-thirtiess, everyone watched a batch of telecasting and listened to the wireless. In contrast to the mid-twentiess, the mid-thirtiess were really dejecting. Evidentially, it lived up to its name. In the mid-twentiess, people had parties all of the clip. Everybody in America was maintaining himself or herself busy. Hunting and bivouacing were really popular, but there was besides many other outside events to make. Movies and Equus caballus races were the best signifiers of amusement for some. This was all altered in the mid-thirtiess. During the mid-thirtiess, the parties and the outside events became less and less common. Horse races and films were still really popular in spite all of the cheerless times. Baseball and football became drastically popular and attracted big crowds. Babe Ruth was a great baseball star. In this, it appears that the cheerless mid-thirtiess and the Roaring Twenties are really different. Though they have some similarities it is still difficult to compare the Great Depression and the Roaring Twenties. These clip periods are really of import. We can larn from the errors made so to assure a healthy hereafter.

George Orwells Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution Comparing the similarities of key characters that appeared in both Animal Farm and throughout the Russian Revolution.

George Orwells Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution Comparing the similarities of key characters that appeared in both Animal Farm and throughout the Russian Revolution. Many books these days are written with satire to show the ridiculousness of human actions. George Orwell's Animal Farm was written to shed light on the absurdity of the Russian Revolution. There are many similarities between the two. Both had a powerful and forceful leader who thought that he was always right, an older role model who led the Revolution with his own dreams in mind and a ruler who was overthrown. Orwell wanted to show people how we really have evolved from animals, bringing a part of them with us to human life.The most significant detail that Orwell included in his book was Napoleon, a powerful and forceful leader, who seemed to think that he was always right. He based this character on Joseph Stalin from Russian history. Both ruled fiercely throughout their years in power. Stalin ruled by terror, after gaining the trust of the Russian people.Version of the flag of Animalism, in Animal Farm, ...He scared his subjects to death, with his many plans for expansion and indu strialization, trying to change their way of life, as they had known it. Napoleon started out by being a good leader, by "caring" for the animals' well-being. He later turned to terror by releasing Jessie's nine puppies, the enormous, fierce dogs that he had trained as his assistants. This similarity shows the reader that people can act just as uneducated as animals, even with their many years of schooling. Stalin allowed no one to oppose his decisions, and was responsible for the deaths of millions of Soviet peasants who had opposed his program of collective farming (Marrin). Napoleon killed the animals who confessed of their ties to Snowball. "They did not know which was more shocking - the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball, or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed." (Orwell...

Which Philosopher Benefits the Working Class Essay

Which Philosopher Benefits the Working Class - Essay Example For example, Karl Marx is well known as the Father of Communism and his theories are being followed by some modern governments. It is interesting to study the views and theories of these historical thinkers and see how they serve to explain modern day structures and events. Some philosophers can concretely be proved more accurate than others while some theories are still matters of debate. At the base, what truly matters is the individual and where they see themselves. One may take upon oneself a theory as their self-description while another may very well deny the same theory and choose an alternative or opposing view. Herein shall be examined the position of various philosophers: Lenin, Marx, Smith, and Ortega y Gasset, as they relate to the life of one who is deemed â€Å"working class.† Vladimir Lenin was one of the great Russian political figures and a great thinker of the twentieth century (Historical Figures n.p.). He is the one responsible for the political structure o f the USSR. In Russia, he took up a fight on behalf of the working class. It was his position that the working class needed to be rescued from the capitalist oppressors that placed heavy burdens upon them. According to Lenin, a communist lifestyle greatly benefits the working class. They have the right to be free from those who would exploit them for the sake of financial gain. In his eyes, the capitalists regarded the working class as no more than a commodity and they used them to benefit their own pockets without regard for the suffering that the working class had to endure. However, Lenin acknowledged the fact that the tendency of the working class is not to take upon themselves a socialist society and that they, if the opportunity was presented, would simply switch from being the proletariat to being the bourgeois. As it has been reported, â€Å"†¦Lenin therefore concluded that if the proletariat was ever to realize its class interest the socialist idea would have to be br ought to it â€Å"from without† by those who understood Marx’s science†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Mayer159). It would seem that Lenin missed the mark in regard to the needs of the working class. The first and most obvious proof is the failure of his design, namely the USSR. Secondly, he neglected to fully recognize the cravings of the working class to be free from oppression. He did not see that his introduction of a socialist society is yet again just another form of oppression. For if the working class desires to advance in status, there ought be nothing to stop them but their own lack of determination. Yet, living in a socialist society, those who desire such freedoms would have to flee the country or abandon hope. Lenin is not accurate in the position of the working class from the view of a working class citizen. However, Lenin was not alone in his belief that socialism and communism are what will benefit the working class the most. His thoughts were greatly founded upon the vi ews of another well-known philosopher, Karl Marx. Marx, often considered the Father of Communism, also felt that capitalism was a social ill because it degraded the working class to a commodity for the rich whom they would serve. Marx blames private ownership and the ability to get wealth for many of the problems of society. Therefore, he prescribed a system where there would be no private ownership. Still, his views are not accurate to the working class who, without the ability to own privately, ends up working endlessly for naught. At least those who are working class and living in a capitalist society have the ability to hope for greatness and wealth. It is this hope that excites and brightens the eyes. They work all the harder, not only in their positions, but to improve

Management Planning Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Planning Paper - Case Study Example In order to highlight the planning function of the management, this paper will look at the company's future direction as stated in its 2007 Annual Report. Boeing clearly recognizes the importance of the leadership of its workforce in the success of the business organization. CEO Jim Nerney states that "Without incremental improvements generated by thousands upon thousands of Boeing employees last year, we would not have met what was-to be sure-a very challenging business plan" (Annual Report 2007). The mention of the company's business plan highlights the company's commitment in making decisions for the company in advance which they implement through the members of its team. The launch of Boeing 787 Dreamliner has been precendented by careful planning of the structure, components, and how it will be marketed in the market. With its phenomenal success in the market Boeing had taken steps by planning the release of new variants in the market. Recognizing that its operation is shaped by various factors in its business environment, Boeing strives to keep up its success and performance in the market by taking note of how stakeholders are affected. With the rapid development in the market, legal, ethical and corporate social responsibility issues are taken care of as customers look beyond price and product quality as the bases in making a purchase. Studies show that customers are willing to pay a premium to purchase a product which is a produced by a business organization who gives back to the society they operate in (Kotler 2005). This is recognized by Boeing indicated by its passion and commitment in creating an image of a socially, ethically, and legally responsible entity. In the future, Boeing's main plan is to strengthen its position in the industry by keeping abreast with technological advancement. In its Annual Report, it states: "Our greatest contribution will come through pioneering new technologies with improved environmental performance" (Annual Report 2007). The company's commitment of operating profitably is now coupled with its aim of being an ethical organization by being concerned of how its processes and aircrafts affect the environment. Boeing identifies itself as socially responsible business organization by funding programs and activities which improves the plight of the society where it operates in. This commitment of becoming socially responsible is highlighted in the management planning. According to its 2007 Philanthropy report, "our communities are included among our company's key stakeholders in the management model that guides how we do business around the world." This statement supports that the company's plans are being aligned at how it helps to address pressing and compelling social issues. Thus, Boeing actively seeks to help communities in five core areas namely, education, environment, health and human services, arts and culture, and civics. Analyze at least three factors that influence the company's strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. Operating in a capital intensive business environment, technological change becomes one of the most

The Control of Female Sexuality

The Control of Female Sexuality The sexual revolution opened the way for greater expression and practise of female sexuality, at least in Western cultures. However, society has historically and still does exert control over female sexuality. This control, in fact, underlies mens general control of women in society. Such control is accomplished through gender definition and social pressure, and economic and political oppression. First, women are conditioned to certain, often oppressive, gender roles by hegemonically male society. Connell (1995) first introduced the term ‘hegemonic masculinity’ as a description of the most valued definition of manhood in a given society. He held that whilst in any society there are many possible types of masculinity, only a few will be the most valued or ideal (Connell, 1995). Society then provides power and benefit to males fitting in this hegemonic definition, establishing their dominance in relation to what is considered feminine and in relation to other, less ideal masculinities. As such, hegemonic masculinity becomes justification for both the hegemonically masculine man’s domination of women and over other men (Cohn and Weber, 1999). For example, Butler (1990) found that most women are trained from early childhood that caring for a home and family are appropriate womens activities. She describes how little girls are given dolls and encouraged to nurture, versus little boys who are given blocks and encouraged to build things. Certain behaviours are also considered acceptable for girls but not boys, and vice versa. Girls are allowed to cry and be more emotionally expressive in their gender roles. Boys are allowed to be more aggressive and assertive (Butler, 1990). In terms of female sexuality, girls are often taught to be little ladies, who do not spread their legs whilst wearing a dress or express their sexuality. Female sexuality is presented as something to be guarded, and young women are encouraged to be good girls. Such gender roles are reinforced by various authority figures, such as teachers and parents. Barnes (2003) finds social workers, for example, will often assume a â€Å"disciplinary gaze† to c ommunicate their understandings of appropriate behaviour for women, typically reinforcing traditional gender roles (149). Gender roles tend to be more strongly reinforced and womens sexuality typically more constrained when opportunities for women outside the home expand. For example, during World War II, when many women occupied jobs traditionally held by men, there is strong reference in the media regarding chaste women as patriotic (Hegarty, 1998). Promiscious female sexuality became a prime target during wartime (Hegarty 1998, 115). Acceptable male behaviour of the same period, however, included drinking, gambling, fighting, and picking up women (Hegarty, 1998, 121). Hegarty (1998) describes in society how the virtuous wife / mother and virginial daughter, devoted to domestic pursuits in their place the home is often presented as a symbolic measure of social stability (113). Sexually open women, in contrast, are considered deviant and refered to by negative language such as slut, whore, and prostitute. There are few negative words in the English language that refer to a sexually open man. Male virgins are often a subject of ridicule in movies and television, whilst promiscious women have historically been portrayed in the media and in culture as destructive to individuals and society, and as spreaders of venereal disease (Hegarty, 1998). These gender roles, embedded in Western society and reinforced through family, authority figures, and the media, create social pressures that exert control over womens sexual activity. Whilst there has certainly been a relaxation of attitudes towards sex in recent decades, women are still expected to exert more restraint and control than men regarding their sexuality and sexual practices, and are more likely to be judged or condemned for sexual openness. Economic and political oppression is another way that female sexuality is controlled. In some cultures and countries, this is through political legislation or religious rules. For example, women in many Arab countries, such as Saudia Arabia, are not legally allowed to vote, drive cars, or own property (Berk, 1985). Religious restrictions in some Muslim countries even prevent women from wearing anything but a very loose garment or from uncovering their heads in public, lest they entice a man. This strongly portrays such reaction from men to womens appearance as the womans fault. Such practice occurs in Western society to a lesser extent, although not regluated by legislation. Victims of rape, for example, are often portrayed as enticingly dressed or loose in their sexual expressions as justification for such crimes (Butler, 1990). A number of countries with strong religious foundations for their governments also directly legislate birth control and abortions, thereby exerting political control over female sexuality. Many countries with Muslim or Catholic foundations to their government restrict the use of birth control and do not allow abortions for any reason (Butler, 1990). As such, these governments control female sexuality, as women must then be concerned regarding unwanted pregnancy, often curtailing their sexual activity. Men obviously do not face such issues, and are therefore less curtailed by such laws (Butler, 1990). Economically, unequal vocational opportunities and a social responsibility for housework place many women in a dependent state on the men in their lives. A woman with small children and little work experience, for example, is in a much more difficult economic condition to leave her husband or make decisions contrary to his wishes (Berk, 1985). Baxter (2001), in review of multiple studies on gender and housework , concludes â€Å"women do a much larger proportion of child care and routine indoor housework tasks than men, regardless of marital status,† educational attainment, or vocational duties (19). Such duties leave them in an economically dependent state, where their sexual wishes are often subverted to accomodate the men on whom they depend (Oakley, 1974). Acceptable expression of sexuality, therefore, becomes one that is either controlled by or designed to serve men (Butler, 1990). For example, pictures of attractive women provacatively dressed in popular magazines serve as both a reinforcement to women that their attractiveness to men is of prime importance, and provide men with stimulating pictures. Hawkesworth (1997) contends that many men would be happy to look at such pictures, but not for their wives or daughters to dress or portray themselves as such in public. As such, women are constrained to dress or behave a certain way at the bidding of men, not as a direct expression of their own wants or desires (Hawkesworth, 1997) Such social pressure, political and economic oppression allow not only control of womens sexuality, but of a more general control of women by men in society. As social systems were typically designed by men and with their best interests in mind (such as the wife staying home to serve her husband, whilst he participates in career and other interests and even equally employed women retaining responsiblity for many hours of unpaid household labour each week), the control of women and keeping of them in their place becomes a need in regard to stability (Oakely, 1974, Hegarty, 1998). Expressions of women that conflict with such traditional power relationships, including that of female sexuality, therefore threaten both the fabric of society and the power position of men within it. REFERENCES Barnes, A. 2003. Social Work, Young Women, and Femininity. Affilia, Vol. 18, No. 2, Summer 2003, pp. 148-164. Baxter, J. 2001. Marital status and the division of household labour. Family Matters, Vol. 58, Autumn 2001, pp. 16-21. Berk, S. F. 1985. The Gender Factory. Plenum: New York. Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge: London. Cohn, C., Weber, C. 1999. Missions, Men and Masculinities. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 1999, pp. 460-475. Connell, R. 1995. Masculinities. Polity Press: Cambridge. Hawkesworth, M. 1997. Confounding Gender. Signs, Vol. 22, No. 3, Spring 1997, pp. 649-685. Hegarty, M. 1998. Patriot or prostitute? Sexual discourses, print media, and American women during World War II. Journal of Womens History, Vol. 10, No. 2, Summer 1998, pp. 112-36. Oakley, A. 1974. Housewife. Pantheon: London.

Never Back Down Review Essay -- Movies Film

Never Back Down Review A) Event Synopsis and Theme 1. The film opens in the middle of a high-school football game, with Jake Tyler helping his team to win. Frustrated, one of the players from the opposing team taunts him about the death of his father from drunk driving. Known for his hot temper, Jake immediately begins a brawl with the opposing player. The brawl is captured on the crowd's mobile phones and personal video cameras, and soon is downloaded to the internet. This is in fact the last game Jake will play at this high school as he and his family is moving to Orlando, Florida. His younger brother, Charlie (Wyatt Smith), has received a tennis scholarship at a school there. His mother (Leslie Hope) is upset that Jake often seems to be fighting and getting into trouble, but despite this, Jake and Charlie are close. At his new school, Jake has a hard time fitting in. He catches the eye of a pretty classmate named Baja Miller (Amber Heard) who seems to flirt with him. Later, he spots a fight going on campus where he sees a young man getting beaten. Although this is actually a street kickboxing match, Jake mistakes this as bullying, and attempts to defend the man. He is surprised when everyone, including the young man, tells Jake to leave. In school the next day, the young man introduces himself to Jake as Max Cooperman (Evan Peters). He tells Jake that there are videos on the internet of Jake's football brawl, gaining him a positive reputation on campus. He offers Jake a chance to learn mixed martial arts with his teacher, but Jake declines. Baja comes by and invites him to a party. At the party, held at a mansion, he meets the host, Ryan McCarthy (Cam Gigandet), who has seen the internet footage, challenges Jake to a fi... ...we were enjoying it. We sat in the best seat and no annoying sound. F) Most Memorable Moment 1. The last fight impressed me most. A lot of scene flashed in Jake’s head and he use all his techniques to knock down Ryan. 2. The music delivered a victory-like feeling, the flashing scene of his life and the slow motion were responsible for this affecting moment. 3. I and my friend nearly yelled out when Jake finally wins. G) Audience / Personal Response 1. My friend, who likes talking while we are watching movie, seldom makes noise in this film. 2. I would recommend this film to young male. There’s really a lot of muddled commentary to be found here. Explorations of class structure and bored teenage anomie are attempted in Never Back Down, but who wants their social critique served with a garnish of male anguish? You do? Okay, well you’ll like the film then.

Play and sportsmanship Essay

In my opinion a sport in which levels of fair play and sportsmanship have totally been abandoned is American Football. With the amount of spectators the game gets, the coaches and chairpersons of the clubs like to put out their best players every game. Regardless of their physical health. There are countless times that players have been seen to go off with horrific groin strains and shoulder injuries, but the medical staff and coaches put them right back onto the pitch doped up with huge amounts of pain killers and drugs that will affect their performance. If a player of a sport that has the nature of American football, (being very physical and tough) goes on the pitch to play hyped up on pain killers then are clearly going to perform differently to that of a player who plays with spirit and strength. The other thing about this sport is the way in which each team is always reading the lips of the other teams coach to see what their next move is about to be. Surely if the oppositions know each others moves all the time then the fairness of the sport is lost. Today’s top athletes all use dietitions, health advisors and personal trainers to become the best at their particular sport. They all use performance enhancing techniques to improve their sporting ability and performance in competition. But is this against the Sportsmanship/Gamesmanship theory? With the production of illegal performance enhancing dugs being more and more common in the sporting environment of today , the governing bodies for the particular sports are having more and more trouble detecting whether athletes have used illegal stimulants to help them to train. To conclude. In today’s sporting world. Nations will use sport as a platform for political power. This can sometimes lead to sportsmanship being thrown aside and made way for other styles of gaming like gamesmanship. In my own opinion sportsmanship is still strong in many of today’s sports and athlete’s, but if the values of sportsmanship are not upheld, by the governing bodies of the sport, such as the FA then the sport is likely to become worse to be a spectator of and less fair to play in. If the bodies who govern the game do not maintain strong levels of justice and fair play within their own rulings then players will become less sportsmanship and the levels of the sports fair play will drop.

Descartes s Theory Of Skepticism And The Cogito - 1469 Words

Descartes’s Project Rene Descartes was a philosopher that lived from 1596 to1650. In Meditations of First Philosophy, Descartes leaves the reader with two main themes: skepticism and the cogito. In this paper, I will be examining Descartes’s writings. Mainly, what Descartes’s project consisted of, skepticism, the arguments he gave as means to his project, and the cogito. In doing so I will explain how he left the reader with the two important philosophical notions of skepticism and cogito. The first thing that we will discuss is the project the Descartes assigns himself in the first meditation. Descartes has a realization that many of the things that he accepted as truths in his past have actually turned out to be false. This realization†¦show more content†¦Skeptical arguments contain two components: a skeptical hypothesis and an argument that incorporates the skeptical hypothesis. A skeptical hypothesis is a reasonably possible situation where everything appears precisely as it now appears but all of the beliefs that are based on the appearances are incorrect. For example, all of the people that think that they exist could, in fact, be nothing more than a part of a giants dream of tiny aunt like representations of himself and his people. Skeptical arguments are of the following format: (1) if I know that I am writing this paper, then I can know that I am not just a manifestation in a giant’s dream. (2) I cannot know that I am not just a manifestation in a giant’s dream. (3) Therefore, I don’t know that I am writing this paper. Granted that, we now have a better understanding of skepticism and skeptical arguments, we may examine Descartes arguments used to find reasonable doubt. The argument Descartes gives is the untrustworthiness argument. This argument states, that human senses can sometimes be deceiving and if human senses may sometimes be deceiving, then maybe they are always deceiving and if they are, humans should doubt their senses. This argument is not very strong and is self-defeating. Even Descartes voices objections to it in his writings. The second argument, is the dream argument and provides better circumstances to doubt all that is reasonable to doubt than theShow MoreRelatedDescartes Vs. Descartes s Theory Of Certainty1852 Words   |  8 Pagesof the greatest philosophers in history, Renà © Descartes tackles the daunting task of ensuring what is truly certain in life using a systemic thinking process known as methodological doubt in his Meditations on First Philosophy. In order to determine what is absolutely certain, Descartes concludes that the foundation which even reality sits upon is not firm since most of what contributed to its certainty is based on sensory perception. 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